One of the first step to waterproofing is to prevent water from penetrating the surface of your shoe or boot. By applying a hydrophobic coating to the outer layer, water molecules making contact with it are repelled and glide off the surface.

Stitching, a common manufacturing process in footwear, creates many small openings for water to enter in. By applying waterproof glue or tape at these areas, these materials can then be heat activated. The heat causes them to expand, plugging up the openings in the process.   

A thin film installed throughout the entire boot, the membrane is an additional line of defense to help keep your feet dry. It does this by enveloping your foot in a protective layer, preventing any water that has soaked through your footwear from reaching further down to your foot.